16 Patterns were very similar using the household-based severe material deprivation measure. 17 Pearson correlation was around 0.57. 18 Rees, Gwyther et al., Children’s views on their lives and well-being in 35 countries: A report on the Children’s Worlds project, 2016-19, Children’s Worlds Project, Jerusalem, Israel, 2020, <https://isciweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Childrens-Worlds-ComparativeReport-2020.pdf>, accessed 13 September 2023. 19 Byrne, K., Europe’s Forgotten Children: Roma children and their families in Europe 2000 – 2020. A child rights perspective, UNICEF Innocenti Global Office of Research and Foresight, Florence, 2023, in press. 20 Stats NZ, ‘Impacts of Disrupted Data Collection on 2022 Household Economic Survey Statistics’, Stats NZ, 23 March 2023, <www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/child-povertystatistics-year-ended-june-2022/>, accessed 13 September 2023. 21 The term ‘race’ tends to be used in statistical monitoring in the United States, where typically ‘ethnicity’ is used in the United Kingdom. While these two countries produce statistics on this topic, some other countries do not, based on legal restrictions on gathering data on race/ethnicity. 22 Annie E. Casey Foundation/Kids Count Data Center, ‘Children in Poverty by Race and Ethnicity in the United States’, September 2022, <https://datacenter.aecf.org/data/tables/44children-in-poverty-by-race-and-ethnicity>, accessed 13 September 2023. 23 Office for National Statistics, ‘Child Poverty and Education Outcomes by Ethnicity’, 25 February 2020, <www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/ uksectoraccounts/compendium/economicreview/february2020/ childpovertyandeducationoutcomesbyethnicity>, accessed 13 September 2023. 24 Bernard, Joseph, ‘Where Have All the Rural Poor Gone? Explaining the rural-urban poverty gap in European countries’, Sociologia Ruralis, vol. 59(3), 2019, pp. 369–392, <https://doi. org/10.1111/soru.12235>, accessed 13 September 2023. 25 United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service using data from the US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, annual American Community Survey, 2019. 26 Stone, Juliet, ‘Local indicators of child poverty after housing costs, 2021/22’, Loughborough University, Centre for Research in Social Policy, June 2023.<https://endchildpoverty.org. uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Local-indicators-of-child-poverty-after-housing-costs_FinalReport-3.pdf>, accessed 16 October 2023. 27 Save The Children, Atlante dell’infanzia (a rischio) in Italia 2022, Save The Children, Rome, November 2022, <www.savethechildren.it/sites/default/files/files/atlante_infanzia_2022. pdf>, accessed 13 September 2023. 28 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Data, ‘Average wages (constant PPP)’, <https://data.oecd.org/earnwage/average-wages.htm>, accessed 23 Oct 2023. 29 United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘Immunization’, <https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/ immunization/>, accessed 15 May 2023. 30 Azevedo, João Pedro et al., 'Simulating the Potential Impacts of COVID-19 School Closures on Schooling and Learning Outcomes: A set of global estimates', Policy Research Working Paper 9284, World Bank Group, Washington, D.C., June 2020, <https://openknowledge. worldbank.org/entities/publication/aa72857a-4cff-53d8-8361-5a9b3e56b86b>, accessed 13 September 2023. 58 Child Poverty in the Midst of Wealth Innocenti Report Card 18