The EU data also enable a comparison of estimates based on monetary and non-monetary poverty. Figure 5 charts relative income poverty and child-specific material deprivation in 2021.16 There is a moderate-to-strong association,17 but: → Bulgaria (BG), Cyprus (CY), Greece (GR) and Romania (RO) have much higher levels of deprivation than might be expected from their rates of income poverty. → On the other hand, rates of deprivation in Italy (IT) and Luxembourg (LU) are closer to the EU average than would be expected from their income poverty rates. This comparison shows that measuring income and non-monetary poverty can lead to different conclusions. Figure 5. Relative income poverty and child-specific material deprivation, EU, 2021 Sources: See Technical Appendix Note: The data in this figure relate to children under 16 years old. 45 RO 40 BG Child m aterial deprivation (%) 35 GR 30 25 CY 20 ES 15 PT BE IE 10 LV DK 5 0 FI SI 5 NL EE 10 LT MT AT CZ DE PL 15 IT SK FR LU HR SE 20 25 30 35 Relative incom e poverty (%) 17 Child Poverty in the Midst of Wealth Innocenti Report Card 18